banner



Home  ›  What Type Of Carotenoid Pigment Gives Brown Algae Their Color

What Type Of Carotenoid Pigment Gives Brown Algae Their Color

Written By Tuesday, February 22, 2022 Add Comment Edit
Fucoxanthin
Fucoxanthin.svg
Names
Preferred IUPAC name

(1Due south,threeR,4G)-3-Hydroxy-4-{(3Eastward,fiveEastward,7E,nineEastward,elevenDue east,13Eastward,15Due east,17E)-eighteen-[(1S,4Due south,6R)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-vii-oxabicyclo[4.i.0]heptan-1-yl]-three,7,12,xvi-tetramethyl-17-oxooctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-ylidene}-3,5,five-trimethylcyclohexyl acetate
Identifiers

CAS Number
  • 3351-86-eight check Y

3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive epitome
3DMet
  • B05481

Beilstein Reference

 6580822
ChEBI
  • CHEBI:5186
ChEMBL
  • ChEMBL1575074
ChemSpider
  • 21864745 ☒ N
ECHA InfoCard 100.212.315 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 686-524-vi
KEGG
  • C08596

PubChem CID

  • 5281239
UNII
  • 06O0TC0VSM check Y

InChI

  • InChI=1S/C42H58O6/c1-29(18-14-19-31(3)22-23-37-38(six,7)26-35(47-33(5)43)27-forty(37,10)46)xvi-12-13-17-30(2)twenty-15-21-32(four)36(45)28-42-39(8,9)24-34(44)25-41(42,11)48-42/h12-22,34-35,44,46H,24-28H2,ane-11H3/b13-12+,18-xiv+,xx-15+,29-xvi+,30-17+,31-19+,32-21+/t23-,34-,35-,40+,41+,42-/m0/s1☒ Northward

    Key: SJWWTRQNNRNTPU-XJUZQKKNSA-North☒ Northward

  • InChI=i/C42H58O6/c1-29(18-14-19-31(3)22-23-37-38(6,7)26-35(47-33(five)43)27-40(37,x)46)16-12-13-17-30(two)20-15-21-32(4)36(45)28-42-39(8,9)24-34(44)25-41(42,eleven)48-42/h12-22,34-35,44,46H,24-28H2,1-11H3/b13-12+,eighteen-xiv+,20-15+,29-16+,30-17+,31-nineteen+,32-21+/t23-,34-,35-,forty+,41+,42-/m0/s1

    Key: SJWWTRQNNRNTPU-XJUZQKKNBP

SMILES

  • CC(=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C(=O)CC12C(CC(CC1(O2)C)O)(C)C)C=CC=C(C)C=C=C3C(CC(CC3(C)O)OC(=O)C)(C)C
Properties

Chemical formula

 C 42 H 58 O 6
Molar mass 658.920 thou·mol−1
Hazards
GHS labelling:

Pictograms

 GHS07: Exclamation mark

Indicate word

 Warning

Hazard statements

 H319

Precautionary statements

 P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒ Due northverify (what is check Y ☒ N  ?)
Infobox references

Chemical compound

Fucoxanthin is a xanthophyll, with formula C42H58Osix. It is found as an accompaniment paint in the chloroplasts of brownish algae and almost other heterokonts, giving them a brown or olive-light-green color. Fucoxanthin absorbs calorie-free primarily in the blueish-green to xanthous-light-green part of the visible spectrum, peaking at around 510-525 nm past various estimates and absorbing significantly in the range of 450 to 540 nm.

Part [edit]

Carotenoids are pigments produced by plants and algae and play a role in light harvesting as office of the photosynthesis process. Xanthophylls are a subset of carotenoids, identified by the fact that they are oxygenated either as hydroxyl groups or as epoxide bridges. This makes them more water soluble than carotenes like beta-carotene. Fucoxanthin is a xanthophyll that contributes more than 10% of the estimated full production of carotenoids in nature.[1] It is an accessory paint plant in the chloroplasts of many brownish macroalgae, such as Fucus spp., and the golden-chocolate-brown unicellular microalgae, the diatoms. Information technology absorbs blueish and green light at bandwidth 450-540 nm, imparting a brownish-olive colour to algae. Fucoxanthin has a highly unique structure that contains both an epoxide bail and hydroxyl groups along with an allenic bond (carbon-carbon double bond) and a conjugated carbonyl group (carbon-oxygen double bond) in the polyene chain. All of these features provide fucoxanthin with powerful antioxidant activity.[ii]

In macroalgal plastids, fucoxanthin acts similar an antenna for light harvesting and energy transfer in the photosystem light harvesting complexes.[iii] In diatoms like Phaeodactylum tricornutum, fucoxanthin is protein-bound along with chlorophyll to form a light harvesting protein complex.[four] Fucoxanthin is the dominant carotenoid, responsible for up to sixty% of the energy transfer to chlorophyll a in diatoms [5] When bound to protein, the absorption spectrum of fucoxanthin expands from 450-540 nm to 390-580 nm, a range that is useful in aquatic environments.[6]

Sources [edit]

Fucoxanthin is present in brownish seaweeds and diatoms and was get-go isolated from Fucus, Dictyota, and Laminaria by Willstätter and Page in 1914.[7] Seaweeds are unremarkably consumed in south-due east Asia and certain countries in Europe, while diatoms are single-cell planktonic microalgae characterized past a aureate-brown colour, due to their loftier content of Fucoxanthin. Mostly, diatoms contain up to 4 times more Fucoxanthin than seaweed, making diatoms a feasible source for fucoxanthin industrially.[8] Diatoms can be grown in controlled environments (such as photobioreactors). Brown seaweeds are generally grown in the open up ocean, often exposed to metals and metalloids.[nine]

Potential therapeutic applications [edit]

Fucoxanthin has been shown to induce G1 cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in various cancer jail cell lines and tumor growth in animal models of cancer.[10] [xi] Fucoxanthin as well reduces weight, improves claret lipid profiles, and decreased insulin resistance in fauna models of obesity.[12] [13] [xiv] In a homo clinical trial Fucoxanthin was shown to amend weight parameters in slightly obese Japanese subjects.[xv] In nonclinical assessments, fucoxanthin showed the chapters to notably inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Its mechanism of action was found to be correlated to the ability to inactivate two vital enzymes that play a meaning role in mycobacterial cell wall biosynthesis namely UDP-galactopyranose mutase (UGM) and arylamine-N-acetyltransferase (TBNAT).[16]

Bioavailability and safety [edit]

Express studies of the bioavailability of fucoxanthin in humans suggest that it is low but might exist improved through formulation.[17] In rodents, fucoxanthin displays low toxicity when administered orally.[17] While human safety data is express, the FDA has acknowledged the use of Fucoxanthin as a dietary supplement and filled a New Dietary Ingredient (NDI) notification of Fucoxanthin derived from the microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum.[xviii]

See also [edit]

  • Chlorophyll

References [edit]

  1. ^ Dembitsky VM, Maoka T (November 2007). "Allenic and cumulenic lipids". Progress in Lipid Inquiry. 46 (half-dozen): 328–75. doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2007.07.001. PMID 17765976.
  2. ^ Hu T, Liu D, Chen Y, Wu J, Wang S (March 2010). "Antioxidant activity of sulfated polysaccharide fractions extracted from Undaria pinnitafida in vitro". International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 46 (2): 193–8. doi:x.1016/j.ijbiomac.2009.12.004. PMID 20025899.
  3. ^ Owens TG, Wold ER (March 1986). "Low-cal-Harvesting Part in the Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum: I. Isolation and Label of Paint-Protein Complexes". Constitute Physiology. 80 (3): 732–eight. doi:10.1104/pp.80.3.732. PMC1075192. PMID 16664694.
  4. ^ Guglielmi Thousand, Lavaud J, Rousseau B, Etienne AL, Houmard J, Ruban AV (September 2005). "The light-harvesting antenna of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Evidence for a diadinoxanthin-binding subcomplex" (PDF). The FEBS Periodical. 272 (17): 4339–48. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04846.x. PMID 16128804.
  5. ^ Papagiannakis E, van Stokkum IH, Fey H, Büchel C, van Grondelle R (Nov 2005). "Spectroscopic label of the excitation free energy transfer in the fucoxanthin-chlorophyll protein of diatoms". Photosynthesis Research. 86 (one–ii): 241–50. doi:10.1007/s11120-005-1003-8. PMID 16172942.
  6. ^ Premvardhan L, Sandberg DJ, Fey H, Birge RR, Büchel C, van Grondelle R (September 2008). "The charge-transfer properties of the S2 state of fucoxanthin in solution and in fucoxanthin chlorophyll-a/c2 protein (FCP) based on stark spectroscopy and molecular-orbital theory". The Journal of Physical Chemical science B. 112 (37): 11838–53. doi:x.1021/jp802689p. PMC2844098. PMID 18722413.
  7. ^ Peng J, Yuan JP, Wu CF, Wang JH (2011-10-10). "Fucoxanthin, a marine carotenoid nowadays in brown seaweeds and diatoms: metabolism and bioactivities relevant to homo health". Marine Drugs. 9 (x): 1806–28. doi:10.3390/md9101806. PMC3210606. PMID 22072997.
  8. ^ Wang LJ, Fan Y, Parsons RL, Hu GR, Zhang PY, Li FL (January 2018). "A Rapid Method for the Determination of Fucoxanthin in Diatom". Marine Drugs. sixteen (1): 33. doi:10.3390/md16010033. PMC5793081. PMID 29361768.
  9. ^ Li H, Ji H, Shi C, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Xu Ten, Ding H, Tang L, Xing Y (April 2017). "Distribution of heavy metals and metalloids in bulk and particle size fractions of soils from coal-mine brownfield and implications on human being wellness". Chemosphere. 172: 505–515. doi:x.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.021. PMID 28104559.
  10. ^ Satomi Y (April 2017). "Antitumor and Cancer-preventative Function of Fucoxanthin: A Marine Carotenoid". Anticancer Research. 37 (4): 1557–1562. doi:ten.21873/anticanres.11484. PMID 28373414.
  11. ^ Martin LJ (July 2015). "Fucoxanthin and Its Metabolite Fucoxanthinol in Cancer Prevention and Treatment". Marine Drugs. 13 (8): 4784–98. doi:10.3390/md13084784. PMC4557004. PMID 26264004.
  12. ^ Muradian K, Vaiserman A, Min KJ, Fraifeld VE (October 2015). "Fucoxanthin and lipid metabolism: A minireview". Diet, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases. 25 (x): 891–7. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2015.05.010. PMID 26141943.
  13. ^ Gammone MA, D'Orazio Northward (April 2015). "Anti-obesity activity of the marine carotenoid fucoxanthin". Marine Drugs. thirteen (iv): 2196–214. doi:10.3390/md13042196. PMC4413207. PMID 25871295.
  14. ^ Maeda H (2015). "Nutraceutical effects of fucoxanthin for obesity and diabetes therapy: a review". Journal of Oleo Science. 64 (2): 125–32. doi:x.5650/jos.ess14226. PMID 25748372.
  15. ^ Hitoe, Shoketsu; Shimoda, Hiroshi (30 Apr 2017). "Seaweed Fucoxanthin Supplementation Improves Obesity Parameters in Balmy Obese Japanese Subjects". Functional Foods in Health and Disease. 7 (4): 246. doi:10.31989/ffhd.v7i4.333.
  16. ^ Šudomová, Miroslava; Shariati, Mohammad; Echeverría, Javier; Berindan-Neagoe, Ioana; Nabavi, Seyed; Hassan, Sherif (14 November 2019). "A Microbiological, Toxicological, and Biochemical Study of the Effects of Fucoxanthin, a Marine Carotenoid, on Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the Enzymes Implicated in Its Cell Wall: A Link Betwixt Mycobacterial Infection and Autoimmune Diseases". Marine Drugs. 17 (11): 641. doi:10.3390/md17110641. PMC6891772. PMID 31739453.
  17. ^ a b Peng J, Yuan JP, Wu CF, Wang JH (2011). "Fucoxanthin, a marine carotenoid present in chocolate-brown seaweeds and diatoms: metabolism and bioactivities relevant to human health". Marine Drugs. ix (10): 1806–28. doi:ten.3390/md9101806. PMC3210606. PMID 22072997.
  18. ^ "NDI 1048 - Fucoxanthin from Algatechnologies". world wide web.regulations.gov. Food and Drug Administration. May 25, 2018.

Other studies [edit]

  • Haugan, J (1994). "Isolation and characterisation of four allenic (6'S)-isomers of fucoxanthin". Tetrahedron Messages. 35 (14): 2245–2248. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)76810-9.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fucoxanthin

Posted by: wassermanquiuse84.blogspot.com

0 Response to "What Type Of Carotenoid Pigment Gives Brown Algae Their Color"

Post a Comment

Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)

Iklan Atas Artikel

Iklan Tengah Artikel 1

Iklan Tengah Artikel 2

Iklan Bawah Artikel